Mohd Aasif Rasool ¹, Irfan Arif Bashir ¹, Mandeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, G.T. Road, Phagwara, Jalandhar-Delhi, Punjab –144411, IN

Abstract

Objectives: A beam-column joint has to transfer the shear forces, bending moments and other related structural response parameters efficiently. The present paper aims at studying the behavior of beam-column junction based on variations in concrete grade at junction. Analysis: To increase the load carrying capacity of a joint, a higher grade of concrete is used at a joint and also up to 1.5D in the direction of beam from face of column, to shift or relocate the plastic hinge from the interface towards the beam. The different specimens were prepared in a T-shaped mould by changing the grade of concrete at beam-column joint and these samples were tested after 7 and 28 days. Findings: Study reveals that use of M20 or M25 grade of concrete at joint and up to 1.5D (D is the depth of beam) of length of beam (M15 grade of concrete in rest of mould) increases the load carrying capacity approximately to about 20% when compared with M20 or M25 grade of concrete at junction and M15 grade in the remaining mould. The most important finding is that the use of higher grade of concrete at a joint and up to 1.5D of length of beam, shifts the failure away from the beam-column interface Thus, a beam hinging mechanism is achieved which is a ductile type of failure compared to beam-column brittle interface failure and there is approximately 15-30% increase in load carrying capacity, in comparison with higher concrete grade only at a joint core. This is a simple and efficient method of preventing the beam-column joint failure. Improvement/Applications: Based on the test results there is remarkable increase in the load carrying capacity of beam-column joint which enhances the rigidity of beam column joint in terms of strength and stiffness.

Keywords

Beam-Column Joint, Brittle Failure, Concrete Grade, Load Carrying Capacity, Strength.

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Mandeep Kaur ¹, Rohit Vasudeva ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Civil Engineering, Lovely professional university, G.T. Road , Phagwara, Jalandhar-Delhi, Punjab –144411, IN

Abstract

Objective: An experimental investigation to check flexure and shear behavior of Reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Methods/Analysis: Two point symmetric loading. In this study two set of beams were cast out of those first set was weak in flexure (A) and second was weak in shear (B). In all beams same grade of concrete was used but with different structural detailing. In set a three beams (weak in flexure) were cast out of which one was control beam and other two were retrofitted using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets (GFRP) sheets in soffit of beam and till neutral axis including soffit. In set B three beams (weak in shear) were cast out of which one was control beam and other two were retrofitted by using GFRP sheets on sides and U-jacking at corners respectively. Hand wet lay-up method was used for application of GFRP sheets on beam. The retrofitting of beams was done with different amount and configuration of GRFP sheets. Retrofitted RC beams with epoxy-bonded glass fiber reinforced sheets were tested till failure using a symmetric two point loading system. Load, deflection, failure modes and crack pattern of each beam was recorded for a particular GFRP orientation. Experimental investigation concluded that there was increase in load at initial crack and also at ultimate failure for retrofitted beams as compare to control beams. Failure in case of set a retrofitted beams was flexural shear failure. It was also recommended that flexural retrofitting should be performed along with shear retrofitting. In case of set B beams failure was shifted to flexural failure which was initially shear failure. So retrofitting in shear zones was observed most effective. Finding: Retrofitting in shear zones was observed most effective in case of ultimate, flexural failure and shear failure.

Keywords

Epoxy Resin, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets, Retrofitting, Weak in Flexure, Weak in Shear.

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Mandeep Kaur ¹, Balwinder Singh Sohi ²

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala - 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali - 140307, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This research paper is fixated to evaluate the performance of wireless sensor network by employing Bio inspired optimization techniques. In this work, it has been proposed to explore the possibilities of optimization procedures in order to improve the performance of wireless sensor networks. Methods/Analysis: We seek to optimize the Quality of service in wireless sensor network via routing. In order to raise the lifetime of the wireless sensor network load balancing of cluster heads is implemented here in this research work with this the energy consumption could be reduced along with less Error Rate and less Routing Overhead, Minimization of End to end delay and improving Throughput. Findings: In this work, the performance analysis has been evaluated for the different optimization techniques like Genetic algorithm, Particle Swarm optimization, Bacterial foraging optimization and Hybrid approach of GA-PSO optimization. First of all, the optimization techniques such as GA, PSO and BFO are adopted separately on WSN setup and after that the hybridization of GA and PSO is employed. In the existing work Load balancing was employed with GA optimization but in this work other techniques are also taken along with hybridization of GA and PSO. A comparison on the performance analysis of all the optimization algorithms is specified and to infer which of the techniques performs better in order to maximizing the network lifetime and minimizing the end to end delay of the wireless sensor network so that packets transferring is carried efficiently with a reduced amount of error rate so that there will be a lesser chance of the node failure and extend the network lifetime for the awareness of routing optimization. Improvement: Further hybridization of other optimization techniques can be implemented for the improvements of wireless sensor networks.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Network Performance in Terms of Network Lifetime and End to End Delay, BFO, GA, GA-PSO, PSO

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